Main Exam - Maithili Syllabus

Paper - I

History of Maithili Language and its Literature

(Answer to be written in Maithili)

Part A

1. Place of Maithili in Indo-European language family.

2. Origin and development of Maithili language. (Sanskrit, Prakrit, Avhatt, Maithili)

3. Periodic division of Maithili Language. (Beginning, Middle era, Modern era)

4. Maithili and its different dialects.

5. Relationship between Maithili and other Eastern languages (Bengali, Asamese, Oriya )

6. Origin and development of Tirhuta Script.

7. Pronouns and Verbs in Maithili Language.

Part B

History of Maithili Literature

1. Background of Maithili Literature (Religious, economic, social, cultural).

2. Periodic division of Maithili literature.

3. Pre-Vidyapati Literature.

4. Vidyapati and his tradition.

5. Medieval Maithili Drama (Kirtaniya Natak, Ankia Nat, Maithili dramas written in Nepal .

6. Maithili Folk Literature (Folk Tales, Folk Drama, Folk Stories, Folk Songs).

7. Development of different literary forms in modern era

(a) Prabandh-kavya

(b) Muktak-kavya

(c) Novel

(d) Short Story

(e) Drama

(f) Essay

(g) Criticism

(h) Memoirs

(i) Translation

8. Development of Maithili Magazines and Journals

Paper – II

Answers must be written in Maithili

The paper will require first-hand reading of the prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.

Part-A

1. Vidyapati Geet-Shati - Publisher : Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi (Lyrics – 1 to 50)

2. Govind Das Bhajanavali – Publisher : Maithili Acadamy, Patna (Lyrics – 1 to 25)

3. Krishnajanm – Manbodh

4. Mithilabhasha Ramayana – Chanda Jha (only Sunder-Kand)

5. Rameshwar Charit Mithila Ramayan – Lal Das (only Bal-kand)

6. Keechak-Vadh - Tantra Nath Jha.

7. Datta-Vati – Surendra Jha ‘Suman' {only 1st and 2 nd Cantos}.

8. Chitra-Yatri

9. Samakaleen Maithili Kavita – Publisher : Sahitaya Akademi, New Delhi .

Part-B

10. Varna Ratnakar - Jyotirishwar (only 2 nd Kallol)

11. Khattar Kakak Tarang – Hari Mohan Jha

12. Lorik–Vijaya-Manipadma

13. Prithvi Putra – Lalit

14. Bhaphait Chahak Jinagi – Sudhanshu ‘Shekhar' Choudhary

15. Kriti Rajkamlak – Publisher : Maithili Acadamy, Patna (First Ten Stories only)

16. Katha–Sangrah – Publisher : Maithili Acadamy, Patna

Main Exam - Dogri Syllabus

Paper-I

History of Dogri Language and Literature
(Answers must be written in Dogri)

Section- A

History of Dogri Language

1. Dogri language: Origin and development through different stages.

2. Linguistic boundaries of Dogri and its dialects.

3. Characteristic features of Dogri language

4. Structure of Dogri Language:

(a) Sound Structure:

Segmental: Vowels and Consonants

Non-segmental: Length, Stress, Nasalization, Tone and Juncture.

(b) Morphology of Dogri:

(i) Inflection Categories: Gender, Number, Case, Person, Tense and Voice.

(ii) Word Formation: use of prefixes, infixes and suffixes.

(iii) Vocabulary: tatsam, tadbhav, foreign and regional.

(c) Sentence Structure: Major Sentence- types and their constituents, agreement and concord in Dogri syntax.

5. Dogri Language and Scripts: Dogre/Dogra Akkhar, Devanagari and Persian.

Section B

History of Dogri literature

1. A brief account of Pre-independence Dogri Literature: Poetry & Prose.

2. Development of modern Dogri Poetry and main trends in Dogri Poetry.

3. Development of Dogri short-story, main trends & prominent short-story writers.

4. Development of Dogri Novel, main trends & contribution of Dogri Novelists.

5. Development of Dogri Drama & contribution of prominent playwrights.

6. Development of Dogri Prose:- Essays, Memoirs & travelogues.

7. An introduction to Dogri Folk literature- Folk songs, Folk tales & Ballads.

Paper-II

Textual Critisism of Dogri Literature

(Answers must be written in Dogri)

Section-A

Poetry

1. Azadi Paihle Di Dogri Kavita

The following poets:

Devi Ditta, Lakkhu, Ganga Ram, Ramdhan, Hardutt, Pahari Gandhi Baba Kanshi Ram & Permanand Almast

2. Modern Dogri Poetry

Azadi Bad Di Dogri Kavita

The following poets:

Kishan Smailpuri, Tara Smailpuri, Mohan Lal Sapolia, Yash Sharma, K.S. Madhukar, Padma Sachdev, Jitendra Udhampuri, Charan Singh and Prakash Premi

3. Sheeraza Dogri Number 102, Ghazal Ank

The following poets:

Ram Lal Sharma, Ved Pal Deep, N.D. Jamwal, Shiv Ram Deep, Ashwini Magotra and Virendra Kesar

4. Sheeraza Dogri Number 147,Ghazal Ank

The following poets:

R.N.Shastri, Jitendra Udhampuri, Champa Sharma and Darshan Darshi.

5. Ramayan (Epic) by Shambhu Nath Sharma (upto Ayodhya Kand)

6. Veer Gulab (Khand Kavya) by Dinoo Bhai Pant

Section-B

Prose

1. Ajakani Dogri Kahani

The following Short Story writers:

Madan Mohan Sharma, Narendra Khajuria and B.P. Sathe

2. Ajakani Dogri Kahani Part-II

The following Short Story writers:

Ved Rahi, Narsingh Dev Jamwal, Om Goswami, Chhattrapal, Lalit Magotra, Chaman Arora and Ratan Kesar.

3. Khatha Kunj Bhag II

The following Story writers :

Om Vidyarthi, Champa Sharma and Krishan Sharma.

4. Meel Patthar (collection of short stories) by Bandhu Sharma.

5. Kaiddi (Novel) by Desh Bandhu Dogra Nutan

6. Nanga Rukkh (Novel) by O.P. Sharma Sarathi

7. Nayaan (Drama) by Mohan Singh

8. Satrang (A collection of one act plays)

The following playwrights:

Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Ram Nath Shastri, Jitendra Sharma, Lalit Magotra and Madan Mohan Sharma.

9. Dogri Lalit Nibandh

The following authors:

Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Narayan Mishra, Balkrishan Shastri, Shiv Nath, Shyam Lal Sharma, Lakshmi Narayan, D.C. Prashant, Ved Ghai, Kunwar Viyogi

Main Exam - Urdu Syllabus

Paper - I

Answers must be written in Urdu.

Section-A

Development of Urdu Language

a) Development of Indo-Aryan (i) Old Indo-Aryan (ii) Middle Indo Aryan (iii) New Indo Aryan

b) Western Hindi and its dialects Brij Bhasha Khadi Boli, Haryanavi Kannauji, Bundeli-Theories about the origin of Urdu Language

c) Dakhani Urdu-Origin and development, its significant linguistic features.

d) Social and Cultural roots of Urdu language-and its distinctive features.

Script, Phonology, Morphology, Vocabulary.

Section-B

a) Genres and their development : (i) Poetry : Ghazal, Masnavi, Qasida, Marsia, Rubai, Jadid Nazm,

(ii) Prose : Novel, Short Story, Dastan, Drama, Inshaiya, Khutoot, Biography.

b) Significant features of : (i) Deccani, Delhi and Lucknow schools (ii) Sir Syed movement, Romantic movement, Progressive movement, Modernism.

c) Literary Criticism and its development with reference to Hali, Shibli, Kaleemuddin Ahmad, Ehtisham Hussain, Ale-Ahmad Suroor.

d) Essay writing (covering literary and imaginative topics)

Paper-II

Answers must be written in Urdu.

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate's critical ability.

Section-A

1. Mir Amman Bagho-Babar

2. Ghalib Intikhab-e-Khutoot-e Ghalib

3. Mohd. Husain Nairang-e-Khayal Azad

4. Prem Chand Godan

5. Rajendra Singh Apne Dukh Mujhe Bedi Dedo

6. Abul Kalam Azad Ghubar-e-Khatir

Section-B

1. Mir Intikhab-e-Kalam-e-Mir

(Ed. Abdul Haq.)

2. Mir Hasan Sahrul Bayan

3. Ghalib Diwan-e-Ghalib

4. Iqbal Bal-e-Jibrail

5. Firaq Gul-e-Naghma

6. Faiz Dast-e-Saba

7. Akhtruliman Bint-e-Lamhat

Main Exam - Tamil Syllabus

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Tamil.

Section: A

Part: 1 History of Tamil Language

Major Indian Language Families-The place of Tamil among Indian languages in general and Dravidian in particular-Enumeration and Distributionof Dravidian languages.

The language of Sangam literature-The language of medieval Tamil: Pallava period only-Historical study of Nouns, Verbs, adjectives, adverbs Tense markers and case markers in Tamil.

Borrowing of words from other languages into Tamil-Regional and social dialects-difference between literary and spoken Tamil.

Part: 2 History of Tamil Literature

Tolkappiyam-Sangam Literatue-The division of Akam and puram-The secular characteristics of Sangam Literature-The development of Ethical literature-Silappadikaram and Manimekalai.

Part: 3 Devotional literature (Alwars and Nayanmars) The bridal mysticism in Alwar hymns-Minor literary forms (Tutu, Ula, Parani, Kuravanji)

Social factors for the development of Modern Tamil literature: Novel, Short story and New Poetry-The impact of various political ideologies on modern writings.

Section:B

Part:1 Recent trends in Tamil Studies

Approaches to criticism: Social , psychologiocal, hostorical and moralistic-the use of criticism-the various techniques in literature: Ullurai, Iraicchi, Thonmam (Myth) Otturuvagam (allegory), Angadam (Satire), Meyppadu, Padimam(image), Kuriyeedu (Symbol), Irunmai (ambiguity)-The concep[t of comparative literature-the principle of comparative literature.

Part: 2 Folk literature in Tamil:Ballads, Songs, proverbs and riddles-Sociological study of Tamil folklore. Uses of translation-Translation of Tamil works into other languages-Development of journalism in Tamil.

Part: 3 Cultural Heritage of the Tamils

Concept of Love and War-Concept of Aram-the ethical codes adopted by the ancient Tamils in their warfare-customs, beliefs, rituals, modes of worship in the five Thinais. The cultural changes as revealed in post sangam literature-cultural fusion in the medieval period (Jainism & Buddhism). The development of arts and architecture through the ages (Pallavas, later cholas, and Nayaks). The impact of various political, social, religious and cultural movements on Tamil Society. The role of mass media in the cultural change of contemporary Tamill society.

Paper-II

Answers must be written in Tamil.

The paper will require first hand reading of the Text prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidate.

Section: A

Part: 1 Ancient Literature

(1) Kuruntokai (1-25 poems)

(2) Purananurui (182-200 poems)

(3) Tirukkural Porutpal : Arasiyalum Amaichiyalum (from Iraimatchi to Avaianjamai)

Part : 2 Epic Literature

(1) Silappadikaram: Madhurai Kandam only.

(2) Kambaramayanam: Kumbakarunan Vadhai Padalam

Part 3: Devotional Literature

(1) Tiruvasagam: Neetthal Vinnappam

(2) Tiruppavai: (Full Text)

Section: B

Modern Literature

Part:1 Poetry

(1) Bharathiar: Kannan Pattu

(2) Bharathidasan: Kudumba Vilakku

(3) Naa. Kamarasan: Karuppu Malarkal

Prose

(1) Mu. Varadharajanar. Aramum Arasiyalum

(2) C N Annadurai: Ye! Thazhntha Tamilagame.

Part : 2 Novel, Short story and Drama

(1) Akilon: Chittirappavai

(2) Jayakanthan: Gurupeedam

(3) Cho: Yarukkum Vetkamillai

Part: 3 Folk Literature

(1) Muthuppattan Kathai Edited by Na. Vanamamalai, (Publication: Madurai Kamaraj University)

(2) Malaiyaruvi, Edited by Ki. Va Jagannathan (Publication: Saraswathi, Mahal, Thanjavur)

Main Exam - Sindhi Syllabus

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Sindhi (Arabic or Devanagari script).

Section-A

1. (a) Origin and evolution of Sindhi language-views of different scholars.

(b) Significant linguistic features of Sindhi language, including those pertaining to its phonology, morphology and syntax.

(c) Major dialects of the Sindhi language.

(d) Sindhi vocabularly-stages of its growth, including those in the pre-partition and post-partition periods.

(e) Historical study of various Writing Systems (Scripts) of Sindhi.

(f) Changes in the structure of Sindhi language in India, after partition, due to influence of other languages and social conditions.

Section-B

2. Sindhi literature through the ages in context of socio-cultural conditions in the respective periods :

a. Early medieval literature upto 1350 A.D. including folk literature.

b. Late medicval period from 1350 A.D. to 1850 A.D.

c. Renaissance period from 1850 A.D. to 1947 A.D.

d. Modern period from 1947 and onwards.

(Literary genres in Modern Sindhi literature and experiments in poetry, drama, novel, short story, essay, literary criticism, biography, autobiography, memoirs, and travelogues.)

Paper-II

Answers must be written in Sindhi (Arabic of Devanagari script).

This paper will require the first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates’ critical ability.

Section-A

References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section.

(1) Poetry

a. "Shah Jo Choond Shair" : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages)

b. "Sachal Jo Choond Kalam" : ed. Kalyan B. Advani Published by Sahitya Akademi (Kafis only)

c. "Sami-a-ja Choond Sloka" : ed. B.H. Nagrani Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages)

d. "Shair-e-Bewas" : by Kishinchand Bewas

("Saamoondi Sipoon" portion only)

e. "Roshan Chhanvro" : Narayan Shyam

f. "Virhange Khanpoije Sindhi Shair jee Choond" : ed. H.I. Sadarangani Published by Sahitya Akademi

(2) Drama

g. "Behtareen Sindhi Natak" (One-act Plays) : Edited by M. Kamal Published by Gujarat Sindhi Academy.

h. "Kako Kaloomal" (Full-length Play) : by Madan Jumani

Section-B

References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section.

a. ‘Pakheeara Valar Khan Vichhrya’ (Novel) : by Gobind Malhi

b. ‘Sat Deenhan’ (Novel) : by Krishan Khatwani

c. ‘Choond Sindhi Kahanyoon’ (Short Stories) Vol. III. : Edited by Prem Prakash, Published by Sahitya Akademi.

d. ‘Bandhan’ (Short Stories) : Sundari Uttamchandani

e. ‘Behtareen Sindhi Mazmoon’ (Essays) : Edited by Hiro Thakur, published by Gujarat Sindhi Akademi.

f. ‘Sindhi Tanqeed’ (Criticism) : Edited by Harish Vaswani : Published by Sahitya Akademi.

g. ‘Mumhinjee Hayati-a ja Sona Ropa varqa’ (Autobiography) : by Popati Hiranandani

h. "Dr. Choithram Gidwani" (Biography) : by Vishnu Sharma

Main Exam - Santali Syllabus

PAPER I

(Answers must be written in Santali)
Section A

Part – I History of Santali Language.

I. Main Austric Language family, population and distribution.

II. Grammatical structure of Santali Language.

III. Important character of Santali Language : Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Translation, Lexicography.

IV. Impact of other languages on Santali.

V. Standardization of Santali Language.

Part – II History of Santali Literature.

I. Literary trends of the following four periods of History of Santali Literature

(a) Ancient literature before 1854.

(b) Missionary period : Literature between 1855 to 1889 AD.

(c) Medieval period: Literature between 1890 to 1946 AD.

(d) Modern period: Literature from 1947 AD to till date.

II. Writing tradition in History of Santali literature.

Section B

Literary forms – Main characteristics, history and development of following literary forms.

Part – I Folk Literature in Santali – folk song, folk tale, phrase, idioms, puzzles, and Kudum.

Part – II Modern literature in Santali

(a) Development of poetry and prominent poets.

(b) Development of prose and prominent writers.

(i) Novels and prominent Novelists.

(ii) Stories and prominent story writers.

(iii) Drama and prominent Dramatist.

(iv) Criticism and prominent critics.

(v) Essay, sketches, memoirs, travelogues and prominent writers.

Santali writers.

Shyam Sundar Hembram, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, Barha Beshra, Sadhu Ramchand Murmu, Narayan Soren ‘Toresutam', Sarada Prasad Kisku, Raghunath Tudu, Kalipada Soren, Sakla Soren, Digambar Hansda, Aditya Mitra ‘Santali', Babulal Murmu ‘Adivasi', Jadumani Beshra, Arjun Hembram, Krishna Chandra Tudu, Rupchand Hansda, Kalendra Nath Mandi, Mahadev Hansda, Gour Chandra Murmu, Thakur Prasad Murmu, Hara Prasad Murmu, Uday Nath Majhi, Parimal Hembram, Dhirendra Nath Baske, Shyam Charan Hembram, Damayanti Beshra, T.K. Rapaj, Boyha Biswanath Tudu.

Part – III Cultural Heritage of Santali tradition, customs, festival and rituals (birth, marriage and death).

PAPER II

(Answers must be written in Santali)
Section A

This paper will require in-depth reading of the following texts and the questions will be designed to test the candidates' critical ability.

Ancient Literature :
Prose

(a) Kherwal Bonso Dhorom Puthi – Majhi Ramdas Tudu “Rasika”.

(b) Mare Hapramko Reyak Katha – L. O. Scrafsrud.

(c) Jomsim Binti Lita – Mangal Chandra Turkulumang Soren.

(d) Marang Buru Binti – Kanailal Tudu.

Poetry

(a) Karam Sereng – Nunku Soren.

(b) Devi Dasain Sereng – Manindra Hansda.

(c) Horh Sereng – W.G. Archer.

(d) Baha Sereng – Balaram Tudu.

(e) Dong Sereng – Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‘Thakur'

(f) Hor Sereng – Raghunath Murmu.

(g) Soros Sereng – Babulal Murmu “Adivasi”.

(h) More Sin More Nida – Rup chand Hansda.

(i) Judasi Madwa Latar – Tez Narayan Murmu.

Section B

Modern Literature

PART I – Poetry

(a) Onorhen Baha Dhalwak – Paul Jujhar Soren.

(b) Asar Binti – Narayan Soren “Tore Sutam”

(c) Chand Mala – Gora Chand Tudu.

(d) Onto Baha Mala – Aditya Mitra « Santali ».

(e) Tiryo Tetang – Hari Har Hansda.

(f) Sisirjon Rar – Thakur Prasad Murmu.

PART II – Novels

(a) Harmawak Ato – R.Karstiars (Translator – R.R. Kisku Rapaz)

(b) Manu Mati – Chandra Mohan Hansda.

(c) Ato Orak – Doman Hansdak.

(d) Ojoy Gada Dhiph re – Nathenial Murmu.

PART III – Stories

(a) Jiyon Gada – Rup Chand Hansda and Jadumani Beshra.

(b) Mayajaal - Doman Sahu ‘Samir' and Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‘Thakur'

PART IV – Drama

(a) Kherwar Bir – Pandit Raghunath Murmu

(b) Juri Khatir – Dr. K.C. Tudu.

(c) Birsa Bir – Ravi Lal Tudu

PART V – Biography

Santal Ko Ren Mayam Gohako – Dr. Biswanath Hansda

Main Exam - Telugu Syllabus

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Telugu.

Section-A

Language

1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity-Etymological history of Telugu, Tenugu and Andhra.

2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to Modern Telugu.

3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal and functional view of Telugu language.

4. Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu.

5. Modernization of Telugu language.

(a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu.

(b) Role of media in modernization of Telugu (Newspapers, Radio, TV etc.)

(c) Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu in various discourses including scientific and technical.

6. Dialects of Telugu-Regional and social variations and problems of standardization.

7. Syntax-Major divisions of Telugu sentences-simple, complex and compound sentences-Noun and verb predications-Processes of nominlization and relativization-Direct and indirect reporting-conversion processes.

8. Translation-Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic-Methods of translation-Approaches to translation-Literary and other kinds of translation-various uses of translation.

Section-B

Literature

1. Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period-Marga and Desi poetry.

2. Nannaya Period-Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata.

3. Saiva poets and their contribution-Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana.

4. Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature.

5. Errana and his literary works-Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry.

6. Srinatha and Potana-Their woks and contribution.

7. Bhakti poets in Telugu literature-Tallapaka Annamayya, Ramadasu, Tyagayya.

8. Evolution of prabandhas-Kavya and prabandha.

9. Southern school of Telugu literature-Raghunatha Nayaka, Chemakura Vankatakavi and women poets-Literary forms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita.

10. Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms-Novel, Short Story, Drama, Playlet and poetic forms.

11. Literary Movements : Reformation, Nationalism, Neo-classicism, Romanticism and Progressive, Revolutionary movements.

12. Digambarakavulu, Feminist and Dalit Literature.

13. Main divisions of folk literature-Performing folk arts.

Paper-II

Answers must be written in Telugu.

This paper will require first hand reading of the prescribed texts and will be designed to test the candidate's critical ability, which will be in relation to the following approaches.

i) Aesthetic approach-Rasa, Dhwani, Vakroti and Auchitya-Formal and Structural-Imagery and Symbolism.

ii) Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological approaches.

Section-A

1. Nannaya-Dushyanta Charitra (Adiparva 4th Canto verses 5-109)

2. Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga parva -3rd Canto verses 1-144)

3. Srinatha-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasi-khandam, 4th Canto, verses 76-133)

4. Pingali Surana-Sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurnodayamu 4 Canto verses, 60-142)

5. Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika)

6. Kasula Purushothama Kavi-Andhra Nayaka Satakamu

Section-B

7. Gurajada Appa Rao-Animutyalu (Short stories)

8. Viswanatha Satyanarayana-Andhra prasasti

9. Devulapalli Krishna Sastry-Krishnapaksham (excluding Urvasi and Pravasam)

10. Sri Sri-Maha prastanam.

11. Jashuva-Gabbilam (Part I)

12. C. Narayana Reddy-Karpuravasanta rayalu.

13. Kanuparti Varalakshmamma-Sarada lekhalu (Part I)

14. Atreya-N.G.O.

15. Racha konda Visswanatha Sastry-Alpajaeevi.